South Carolina Driving Permit Test Quiz 05

When starting and stopping a vehicle, especially in a state like South Carolina where traffic conditions can vary significantly, understanding the nuances of vehicle control is crucial. Properly starting a vehicle involves ensuring that the area is clear of pedestrians and other vehicles, using mirrors to check blind spots, and applying the correct pressure to the accelerator and brake pedals. Stopping a vehicle requires not only the application of brakes but also an awareness of the stopping distance, which can be affected by road conditions, vehicle weight, and speed. In scenarios where a driver must stop suddenly, such as when a child unexpectedly runs into the street, the driver must react quickly and effectively. This involves not just pressing the brake pedal but also downshifting if necessary to maintain control of the vehicle. Understanding these principles helps ensure safety for both the driver and others on the road. Additionally, recognizing the importance of gradual acceleration and deceleration can prevent skidding and loss of control, especially on wet or slippery roads. Therefore, drivers must be trained to assess situations critically and respond appropriately to maintain safety.

Changing lanes is a critical skill for safe driving, particularly in busy areas like South Carolina’s highways and urban roads. When changing lanes, a driver must assess the surrounding traffic conditions, including the speed and distance of vehicles in adjacent lanes. The driver should use mirrors and check blind spots to ensure that the lane is clear before making the maneuver. Additionally, signaling intentions is essential to communicate with other road users, which helps prevent accidents. A common misconception is that a driver can change lanes without checking for nearby vehicles, which can lead to dangerous situations. Understanding the proper sequence of actions—checking mirrors, signaling, and then changing lanes—ensures that the driver is aware of their surroundings and can make informed decisions. Furthermore, it is important to consider the speed of the vehicle being merged into; if it is traveling significantly faster or slower, the driver must adjust their speed accordingly to merge safely. This question tests the nuanced understanding of the lane-changing process and the importance of situational awareness.

Understanding the interaction between turn lanes and bike lanes is crucial for safe driving, especially in urban areas like Charleston, South Carolina, where both vehicles and cyclists share the road. Turn lanes are designated areas on the roadway that allow vehicles to prepare for a turn without disrupting the flow of traffic. These lanes can be either marked or unmarked and are typically located at intersections. On the other hand, bike lanes are specifically designated for cyclists, providing them a safe space to ride alongside vehicular traffic. When approaching an intersection with both turn lanes and bike lanes, drivers must be aware of the rules governing these lanes. For instance, when making a right turn, a driver must yield to any cyclists in the bike lane before completing the turn. This is essential to prevent accidents and ensure the safety of all road users. Additionally, drivers should be cautious of their positioning; they should not encroach upon the bike lane when waiting to turn, as this can obstruct cyclists and create hazardous situations. In South Carolina, the law emphasizes the importance of yielding to cyclists in bike lanes, and failure to do so can result in penalties. Therefore, understanding the nuances of how to navigate these lanes is vital for both legal compliance and the safety of all road users.

Understanding the rules of the road is crucial for safe driving, especially in specific contexts like South Carolina. This question focuses on the concept of right-of-way, which is often misunderstood. Right-of-way rules dictate who has priority in various driving situations, and failing to yield appropriately can lead to accidents. In South Carolina, as in many states, the general rule is that vehicles on the main road have the right-of-way over those entering from a side road. However, there are exceptions, such as when a vehicle is already in an intersection or when pedestrians are present. This question presents a scenario where a driver must decide whether to yield or proceed, testing the candidate’s ability to apply their knowledge of right-of-way rules in a practical situation. The options provided are designed to challenge the student’s understanding of these rules and their application in real-world driving situations.

Maneuvering techniques are crucial for safe driving, especially in complex environments like urban areas or during adverse weather conditions. One important aspect of maneuvering is understanding how to execute a proper lane change. This involves not only signaling your intention but also checking mirrors and blind spots to ensure that the lane is clear. In South Carolina, as in many states, the law requires drivers to signal their intentions to change lanes, which helps to communicate with other road users and prevent accidents. Additionally, the timing of the maneuver is essential; a driver must ensure that they have enough space to safely complete the lane change without cutting off other vehicles. This requires an understanding of the speed of surrounding traffic and the distance to other vehicles. Furthermore, drivers should be aware of their vehicle’s dimensions and how they relate to the space available in the adjacent lane. A successful lane change is not just about moving from one lane to another; it involves a series of observations and actions that ensure the safety of all road users.

Parallel parking is a critical skill for drivers, especially in urban environments like those found in South Carolina cities. It requires not only the ability to maneuver the vehicle into a tight space but also an understanding of spatial awareness and the dimensions of the vehicle. When parallel parking, a driver must consider the distance from the curb, the angle of the vehicle, and the proximity to other parked cars. The process typically involves signaling, checking mirrors and blind spots, and executing a series of maneuvers to successfully park without hitting other vehicles or obstacles. A common mistake is to underestimate the space needed for the vehicle to fit, leading to either an improper angle or insufficient clearance from the curb. Additionally, drivers must be aware of local regulations regarding parking, as some areas may have restrictions that could affect their ability to park legally. Understanding the nuances of parallel parking can significantly enhance a driver’s confidence and safety on the road.

Crosswalks are designated areas on the road where pedestrians can safely cross. Understanding the rules and responsibilities associated with crosswalks is crucial for both drivers and pedestrians. In South Carolina, drivers must yield to pedestrians in crosswalks, whether marked or unmarked. This means that if a pedestrian is waiting to cross or is already in the crosswalk, drivers are legally obligated to stop and allow them to pass. Failure to do so can result in serious consequences, including fines and increased insurance rates. Additionally, it is important for drivers to be aware of their surroundings and to look out for pedestrians, especially in urban areas where crosswalks are common. The presence of a crosswalk does not absolve pedestrians of their responsibility to ensure it is safe to cross. They should always look both ways and be cautious of vehicles that may not stop. Understanding these nuances helps ensure the safety of all road users and promotes a culture of respect and caution on the road.

Before driving, it is crucial to conduct a series of checks to ensure that the vehicle is safe and ready for operation. This includes checking the mirrors, seat adjustments, and seatbelt functionality, as well as ensuring that the vehicle’s lights, brakes, and tires are in good condition. In South Carolina, as in many other states, these checks are not just recommendations; they are essential for the safety of the driver, passengers, and other road users. For instance, adjusting the mirrors properly can significantly reduce blind spots, which is vital for safe lane changes and turns. Additionally, ensuring that the seatbelt is functioning correctly is a legal requirement and a critical safety measure. Failure to perform these checks can lead to accidents or legal penalties. Understanding the importance of these checks and being able to identify what should be prioritized can help drivers make informed decisions before they start their journey. This question tests the candidate’s ability to recognize the significance of these pre-driving checks and their implications for road safety.

Understanding traffic signals is crucial for safe driving, especially in urban areas like Charleston, South Carolina, where traffic can be heavy and complex. Traffic signals are designed to control the flow of vehicles and pedestrians at intersections, and they convey important information through their colors and patterns. A green light indicates that vehicles may proceed, but drivers must still be cautious and yield to pedestrians and other vehicles that may be crossing. A yellow light serves as a warning that the signal is about to change to red, prompting drivers to prepare to stop if it is safe to do so. A red light, on the other hand, requires drivers to come to a complete stop and wait until the light turns green. Additionally, some intersections may have specific signals for turning vehicles, which can include arrows that indicate when it is safe to turn left or right. Understanding these signals not only helps in obeying traffic laws but also enhances overall road safety by reducing the likelihood of accidents. Drivers must also be aware of the context in which these signals are used, as certain situations may require additional caution, such as when pedestrians are present or when visibility is limited.

Cultural and social responsibilities in driving encompass understanding the impact of one’s actions on the community and the environment. In South Carolina, as in many places, drivers are expected to be aware of their surroundings and the diverse populations they share the road with. This includes respecting pedestrians, cyclists, and other motorists, as well as being mindful of local laws and customs. For instance, yielding to pedestrians at crosswalks is not just a legal requirement but also a social responsibility that promotes safety and respect within the community. Additionally, understanding the implications of distracted driving, such as texting while driving, highlights the importance of being fully engaged while operating a vehicle. This question tests the candidate’s ability to apply these concepts in a real-world scenario, requiring them to think critically about the consequences of their driving behavior and the broader social implications.

Understanding dashboard indicators is crucial for safe driving, as they provide essential information about the vehicle’s status and performance. Each indicator serves a specific purpose, alerting the driver to potential issues that may require immediate attention. For instance, the check engine light can indicate a range of problems, from minor issues like a loose gas cap to more serious engine malfunctions. Recognizing the meaning of these indicators can prevent further damage to the vehicle and ensure the safety of the driver and passengers. In South Carolina, as in other states, drivers must be aware of these signals to respond appropriately. Ignoring dashboard warnings can lead to hazardous situations on the road, such as brake failure or overheating. Therefore, it is vital for drivers to not only know what each indicator means but also to understand the appropriate actions to take when they illuminate. This knowledge is particularly important in scenarios where quick decision-making is necessary to avoid accidents or breakdowns.

Understanding the meaning of arrows and symbols on road signs is crucial for safe driving, especially in South Carolina where specific symbols may indicate unique local regulations or conditions. For instance, a sign featuring a right arrow typically indicates that drivers must turn right at the upcoming intersection. However, the context in which this sign is placed can alter its implications. If the sign is accompanied by a “No Turn on Red” symbol, it indicates that while a right turn is generally permitted, it is not allowed when the traffic signal is red. This highlights the importance of not only recognizing the symbol but also understanding the surrounding context and any additional regulations that may apply. Drivers must be vigilant and interpret these signs correctly to avoid violations and ensure the safety of all road users. Additionally, symbols can also indicate lane usage, such as arrows that show which lanes are designated for turning versus going straight. Misinterpretation of these signs can lead to dangerous situations, making it essential for drivers to be well-versed in their meanings and implications.

Skid recovery is a critical skill for drivers, especially in conditions where traction is compromised, such as wet or icy roads. When a vehicle begins to skid, the driver must understand the dynamics of the vehicle and how to regain control. The first step is to remain calm and avoid overreacting, which can exacerbate the situation. The driver should steer in the direction they want the front of the vehicle to go, a technique known as “steering into the skid.” This helps to realign the vehicle with the road. Additionally, it is essential to avoid slamming on the brakes, as this can lead to further loss of control. Instead, easing off the accelerator and gently applying brakes, if necessary, can help stabilize the vehicle. Understanding the physics of skidding, including the role of weight transfer and tire friction, is vital for effective recovery. In South Carolina, where weather conditions can vary, being prepared for potential skids is crucial for safe driving. Drivers should practice these techniques in a controlled environment to build confidence and skill in skid recovery.

Community involvement and safe driving advocacy play crucial roles in enhancing road safety and promoting responsible driving behaviors. In South Carolina, local organizations often engage in initiatives aimed at educating the public about the dangers of distracted driving, the importance of seatbelt use, and the risks associated with impaired driving. These initiatives can take various forms, including workshops, community events, and partnerships with schools to reach younger drivers. Understanding the impact of community advocacy on driving safety is essential for new drivers, as it emphasizes the collective responsibility of all road users to contribute to a safer driving environment. By participating in or supporting these initiatives, individuals not only improve their own driving habits but also influence others in their community. This question tests the candidate’s ability to recognize the significance of community involvement in promoting safe driving practices and the broader implications of such advocacy on public safety.

Warning signs are crucial for alerting drivers to potential hazards on the road ahead. In South Carolina, these signs are typically yellow with black symbols or text, indicating that caution is required. Understanding the meaning of these signs is essential for safe driving, as they prepare drivers for changes in road conditions, such as sharp turns, pedestrian crossings, or construction zones. For example, a sign indicating a sharp turn ahead warns drivers to reduce speed and be prepared for a sudden change in direction. Recognizing these signs not only helps in avoiding accidents but also ensures compliance with traffic regulations. In this scenario, a driver approaching a warning sign must assess the situation and adjust their driving behavior accordingly. The ability to interpret warning signs effectively can significantly impact road safety, making it imperative for new drivers to familiarize themselves with these indicators. This question tests the candidate’s understanding of warning signs and their implications for driving behavior, emphasizing the importance of situational awareness and proactive driving strategies.

Parallel parking is a critical skill for any driver, especially in urban areas where parking space is limited. In South Carolina, as in many places, the ability to parallel park effectively can be a determining factor in passing the driving permit test. The process involves several steps: first, identifying a suitable parking space that is at least one and a half times the length of your vehicle. Next, the driver must signal their intention to park, check mirrors and blind spots for pedestrians and other vehicles, and then maneuver the vehicle into the space. This requires a good understanding of vehicle dimensions and spatial awareness. Common mistakes include not checking for obstacles, misjudging the distance to the curb, or failing to adjust the steering angle appropriately during the maneuver. Additionally, drivers must be aware of the surrounding traffic and pedestrians, ensuring that they do not impede the flow of traffic while parking. The ability to parallel park smoothly and efficiently demonstrates not only technical skill but also an understanding of road safety and courtesy to other drivers. Therefore, mastering this skill is essential for both the driving test and real-world driving situations.

When driving in South Carolina, understanding the rules regarding turning and signaling is crucial for ensuring safety and compliance with traffic laws. Proper signaling is not just a courtesy; it is a legal requirement that helps communicate your intentions to other drivers and pedestrians. When preparing to make a turn, it is essential to signal well in advance—typically at least 100 feet before the turn. This allows other road users to anticipate your actions and adjust accordingly. Additionally, the direction of your turn should be indicated by the appropriate signal: a left turn requires a left turn signal, while a right turn necessitates a right turn signal. Moreover, it is important to check for pedestrians and cyclists before executing a turn, as they may be crossing the intersection. Failing to signal or not signaling in a timely manner can lead to confusion and potential accidents. In South Carolina, the law mandates that drivers must signal their intentions to turn or change lanes, and failure to do so can result in penalties. Understanding these nuances not only helps in passing the driving permit test but also promotes safer driving practices on the road.

When a vehicle breaks down, the driver must take immediate and appropriate actions to ensure safety and minimize risks. In South Carolina, as in many places, the first step is to safely maneuver the vehicle to the side of the road, away from traffic. This is crucial because staying on the roadway can expose the driver and passengers to potential accidents. Once the vehicle is safely off the road, the driver should turn on hazard lights to alert other drivers of the situation. This is important for visibility and safety, as it signals to others that the vehicle is not operational. Next, the driver should assess the situation. If it is safe to do so, they may exit the vehicle to check for visible issues, such as a flat tire or smoke. However, if the breakdown occurs in a high-traffic area, it is often safer to remain inside the vehicle with seatbelts fastened until help arrives. In South Carolina, it is also advisable to call for roadside assistance or emergency services if necessary. Understanding these steps is vital for ensuring personal safety and the safety of others on the road.

Understanding the interaction between turn lanes and bike lanes is crucial for safe driving, especially in urban areas like Charleston, South Carolina, where both types of lanes are common. Turn lanes are designated areas on the roadway that allow vehicles to prepare for a turn without obstructing through traffic. Bike lanes, on the other hand, are specifically marked lanes for cyclists, providing them a safe space to ride alongside motor vehicles. When approaching an intersection with both turn lanes and bike lanes, drivers must be aware of the rules governing these lanes to avoid accidents and ensure the safety of all road users. In South Carolina, when a vehicle is preparing to turn, it must yield to any cyclists in the bike lane. This means that if a driver is in a turn lane and intends to make a right turn, they must check for cyclists before completing the turn. Failing to do so can lead to collisions, which can be serious for cyclists who are more vulnerable than motor vehicle occupants. Additionally, understanding the proper signaling and positioning when turning from a turn lane is essential to communicate intentions clearly to other road users. This nuanced understanding of lane usage is vital for maintaining safety and compliance with traffic laws.

When starting and stopping a vehicle, especially in a state like South Carolina where traffic conditions can vary significantly, understanding the nuances of vehicle control is crucial. The process of starting a vehicle involves ensuring that the gear is in the correct position, typically ‘Park’ or ‘Neutral’ for automatic transmissions, and that the brake is engaged. This is important for safety, as starting in ‘Drive’ could lead to unintended acceleration. Additionally, when stopping, drivers must be aware of their surroundings, including the distance to the vehicle in front and the condition of the road. A smooth stop requires gradual pressure on the brake pedal to avoid sudden jerks, which can be uncomfortable for passengers and may lead to loss of control if not managed properly. Furthermore, understanding the role of the vehicle’s braking system, including anti-lock brakes, can enhance stopping efficiency and safety. This question tests the candidate’s ability to apply these principles in a real-world scenario, emphasizing the importance of situational awareness and vehicle control.

In South Carolina, understanding the significance of solid and broken lines is crucial for safe driving and adherence to traffic regulations. Solid lines indicate that lane changes are prohibited, while broken lines signify that lane changes are allowed. This distinction is essential for maintaining traffic flow and ensuring the safety of all road users. For instance, if a driver encounters a solid line while approaching a lane that merges, they must remain in their current lane and not attempt to change lanes. Conversely, if a driver sees a broken line, they can safely change lanes if it is clear to do so. Additionally, the context of the road, such as whether it is a highway or a residential area, can influence the interpretation of these lines. Drivers must also be aware of the potential consequences of ignoring these markings, which can lead to accidents or traffic violations. Understanding these nuances not only helps in passing the permit test but also fosters responsible driving habits that contribute to overall road safety.

Seat belts and child safety seats are critical components of vehicle safety that significantly reduce the risk of injury or death in the event of a crash. In South Carolina, the law mandates that all passengers in a vehicle must wear seat belts, and children under the age of 8 must be secured in an appropriate child safety seat. The effectiveness of seat belts lies in their ability to restrain occupants during sudden stops or collisions, preventing them from being thrown from the vehicle or colliding with interior elements. Child safety seats are designed to provide additional protection for younger passengers, as their bodies are more vulnerable to injury. Proper installation and usage of these safety devices are essential; for instance, a rear-facing seat is recommended for infants, while older children may transition to booster seats. Understanding the importance of these safety measures goes beyond mere compliance with the law; it involves recognizing the potential consequences of neglecting them. In scenarios where a vehicle is involved in an accident, the presence of seat belts and child safety seats can mean the difference between life and death. Therefore, it is crucial for drivers and passengers alike to prioritize the use of these safety devices to ensure the well-being of everyone in the vehicle.

Distractions while driving can significantly impair a driver’s ability to operate a vehicle safely. In South Carolina, as in many other states, it is crucial for drivers to understand the various forms of distractions that can arise while on the road. Distractions can be categorized into three main types: visual, manual, and cognitive. Visual distractions involve taking your eyes off the road, such as looking at a phone or adjusting the radio. Manual distractions occur when a driver takes their hands off the wheel, like reaching for an object or using a mobile device. Cognitive distractions involve mental focus, such as daydreaming or engaging in a conversation that diverts attention from driving. In the scenario presented, the driver must assess the situation and determine the best course of action to minimize distractions. It is essential to recognize that even seemingly minor distractions can lead to significant consequences, including accidents. The correct answer emphasizes the importance of prioritizing driving over other activities, reinforcing the idea that maintaining focus on the road is paramount for safety. The other options, while plausible, suggest actions that could lead to increased distraction and risk, highlighting the need for critical thinking in evaluating driving situations.

Warning signs are crucial for alerting drivers to potential hazards on the road ahead. In South Carolina, as in many other states, these signs are typically yellow with black symbols or text, indicating that caution is required. Understanding the meaning of these signs is essential for safe driving, as they provide information about upcoming conditions that may affect vehicle operation. For instance, a sign indicating a sharp turn ahead warns drivers to reduce speed and prepare for a change in direction. Recognizing these signs not only helps in avoiding accidents but also ensures compliance with traffic regulations. In this question, the focus is on a specific warning sign that indicates a potential hazard. The ability to interpret this sign correctly is vital for making informed decisions while driving. The options provided are designed to challenge the student’s understanding of warning signs and their implications in real-world driving scenarios. By analyzing the context and the specific characteristics of the sign, students can demonstrate their knowledge of safe driving practices and their ability to respond appropriately to various road conditions.

In South Carolina, understanding local traffic laws is crucial for safe driving and compliance with regulations. One important aspect of these laws is the concept of right-of-way, which dictates who has the priority to proceed in various traffic situations. For instance, when approaching an intersection, drivers must be aware of the rules that govern who should yield. This includes understanding the significance of traffic signals, road signs, and the presence of other vehicles or pedestrians. In South Carolina, the law requires drivers to yield to pedestrians in crosswalks, and failure to do so can result in serious consequences, including fines and accidents. Additionally, when two vehicles arrive at an intersection simultaneously, the vehicle on the right generally has the right-of-way. This knowledge is essential for making safe and informed decisions while driving. Recognizing these nuances in traffic laws not only helps in passing the driving permit test but also ensures the safety of all road users.

When faced with an emergency situation while driving, it is crucial to remain calm and assess the circumstances before taking action. In South Carolina, as in many states, drivers are expected to handle emergencies with a clear understanding of the appropriate responses. For instance, if a tire blows out while driving at high speed, the driver should avoid slamming on the brakes, as this could lead to loss of control. Instead, the recommended approach is to gradually ease off the accelerator, maintain a firm grip on the steering wheel, and steer the vehicle to a safe area away from traffic. This method allows the driver to maintain control while reducing speed safely. Additionally, understanding the importance of signaling intentions to other drivers is vital in emergency situations. This includes using hazard lights to alert other vehicles of a potential issue. Recognizing the signs of an emergency, such as smoke or unusual noises, can also help in determining the best course of action. Overall, the ability to respond effectively to emergencies is a critical skill for any driver, particularly in a state like South Carolina, where road conditions can vary significantly.

Anticipating other drivers’ actions is a crucial skill for safe driving, particularly in complex traffic situations. In South Carolina, as in many places, drivers must be aware of their surroundings and predict the behavior of other road users to avoid accidents. This involves observing the actions of other vehicles, understanding traffic signals, and recognizing the potential for unexpected movements. For instance, a driver may need to anticipate that a vehicle in the adjacent lane might change lanes without signaling or that a pedestrian may step onto the road unexpectedly. By maintaining a safe following distance and being prepared to react, drivers can mitigate risks. Additionally, understanding the context of the driving environment—such as whether it is a residential area or a busy intersection—can influence how one anticipates the actions of others. This skill not only enhances personal safety but also contributes to the overall safety of the roadways in South Carolina.

Anticipating other drivers’ actions is a crucial skill for safe driving, particularly in complex traffic situations. In South Carolina, as in many places, drivers must be aware of their surroundings and predict the behavior of other road users to avoid accidents. This involves observing the actions of other vehicles, understanding traffic signals, and recognizing potential hazards. For instance, if a driver sees a vehicle slowing down suddenly, they should consider the possibility that the driver may be preparing to turn or stop. Similarly, when approaching an intersection, a driver should be alert to pedestrians and cyclists who may not be immediately visible. This proactive approach helps in making informed decisions, such as adjusting speed or changing lanes, to maintain safety. Additionally, understanding the common behaviors of different types of vehicles—like larger trucks needing more space to maneuver—can further enhance a driver’s ability to anticipate actions. Overall, the ability to foresee and react to the actions of others is fundamental to defensive driving and is essential for passing the South Carolina Driving Permit Test.

Defensive driving techniques are essential for ensuring safety on the road, particularly in a state like South Carolina, where varying weather conditions and traffic patterns can pose unique challenges. One key aspect of defensive driving is maintaining a safe following distance, which allows drivers to react appropriately to sudden stops or emergencies. The three-second rule is a widely accepted guideline that helps drivers gauge this distance. By counting seconds between the rear of the vehicle in front and their own vehicle, drivers can ensure they have enough space to stop safely if needed. Additionally, being aware of the surroundings, including other vehicles, pedestrians, and potential hazards, is crucial. This awareness allows drivers to anticipate potential issues and react accordingly, rather than simply responding to immediate threats. Furthermore, defensive driving involves adjusting speed according to road conditions, such as rain or fog, which can significantly affect stopping distances and visibility. Understanding these principles not only enhances personal safety but also contributes to the overall safety of all road users. Therefore, recognizing the importance of these techniques is vital for any aspiring driver in South Carolina.

Understanding cultural and social responsibilities while driving is crucial for maintaining safety and respect on the road. In South Carolina, as in many places, drivers are expected to be aware of their surroundings and the diverse community they share the road with. This includes recognizing the importance of yielding to pedestrians, understanding the rights of cyclists, and being considerate of other drivers. A driver’s behavior can significantly impact the safety and comfort of others on the road. For instance, failing to yield to pedestrians at crosswalks not only violates traffic laws but also demonstrates a lack of respect for the rights of others. Similarly, being aware of cyclists and providing them with adequate space can prevent accidents and promote a culture of safety. Additionally, understanding the social dynamics of driving, such as road rage and aggressive driving behaviors, is essential for fostering a respectful driving environment. Drivers must be equipped with the knowledge to navigate these social responsibilities effectively, ensuring that their actions contribute positively to the community and uphold the law.